SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION TO 
BARIO 
THE KELABIT HIGHLANDS OF SARAWAK 
Articles published from the expedition

Article I  
http://www.arbec.com.my/pdf/art1mayjun99.pdf 
THE PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE KELABIT HIGHLANDS SURROUNDING THE BARIO AREA 
Harwant Singh 
Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 

ABSTRACT 
The Bario intermontane plateau of the Kelabit Highlands at the eastern extreme of Sarawak is one of the encased alluvial plains occurring in these highlands. The geological mapping to date has delineated this area into the Melingan and Kelabit Formations with the Setap Shale Formation to the west which collectively range from the Oligocene to the Miocene in age. This expedition found massive sandstones in a quarry at Bario and at the summit of Mt. Batu Lawi, located to the north, while shale found in the course of a river en route to Mt. Batu Lawi is postulated to he an outcrop of the Scrap Shale Formation. It is hypothesized that the source of the salt and water in the salt springs may be due to the existence a flocculated condition in the subsurface rocks.

Article II 
http://www.arbec.com.my/pdf/art2mayjun99.pdf 
ACCOUNT AND CHECKLIST OF THE FLOWERING PLANTS 
AT KELABIT HIGHLANDS, BARIO, SARAWAK 
A. Latiff, A. Zainudin Ibrahim & K. Mat-Salleh 
Department of Botany, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 

ABSTRACT 
The Kelabit Highlands at Bario is about 1,l00m above sea level and the vegetation consists of submontane forests on the hills and mainly kerangas forests on the plateau. A total of 166 specimens of flowering plants were collected and many more were observed during the expedition. They were identi-fied and classified into 197 species, 143 genera and 68 families. Three new records for Sarawak; viz. Garcinia bancana, Aporosa nervosa and Actinodaphne pruinosa were herein reported. Four rare species, namely Deplanchea bancana, Il-licium stapfii, Persea sterculiodes and Ficus laevis were also collected together with some Bornean endemic species such as Rhododendron lanceolatum, R. polyanthemum, R. sua-veolens, Vaccinium clementis, Litsea opppositifolia, Cyclea robusta, Artocarpus melinoxylus, Ardisia livida and Scyphostegia borneensis. Many more specimens were not identified to the species level. 

Article III  
http://www.arbec.com.my/pdf/art3mayjun99.pdf 
PRELIMINARY ENUMERATION OF THE SUMMIT FLORA, MOUNT MURUD, KELABIT HIGHLANDS, SARAWAK 
John H. Beaman 
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 

ABSTRACT 
Mt. Murud, a sandstone mountain in the Kelabit Highlands of northeastern Sarawak, elev. 2,424m, is the highest mountain in Sarawak. Subsequent to the first scientific expedition there in 1922 it has been visited by seven other botanical collectors or collecting teams. Our expedition, from 10-17 April 1995, involved three botanists and four porter-guides. The enumera-tion provided here, based on previous literature reports, earlier COLLECTIONs observed in two herbaria and specimens collected during this expedition, includes 252 specimen records. The enumeration recognizes 165 taxa of vascular plants collected at 1,500m or higher; 130 taxa are completely determined, 22 are determined only to genus and 13 are conditionally deter-mined. The nomenclature for taxa reported in the literature has been revised to the extent possible. The Orchidaceae, with 42 species and varieties, is the largest family in the flora. The flora has strong phytogeographical relationships with Mount Kinabalu, and probably with other montane areas in Borneo. 
 
Article IV 
http://www.arbec.com.my/pdf/art4mayjun99.pdf 
AN ENUMERATION OF ORCHID COLLECTIONS 
FROM THE KELABIT HIGHLANDS 
Teofila E. Beaman, Jeffrey J. Wood, Rimi Repin & John H. Beaman 

ABSTRACT 
Although a Flora of the Kelabit Highlands has not been written, it may be safe to say that orchids constitute the largest family of flowering plants in that flora. The first orchid collections from the Kelabit Highlands were made by J.C. Moulton in 1911, mainly around Batu Lawi. Since that time about two dozen other collectors have obtained orchids from there, but only half that number have gathered sign~cant quantities of specimens. We record here 181 taxa in 52 genera; 135 of these are fully determined and 46 are incompletely deter-mined. Habitats particularly rich in orchids include riverine forests, wet kerangas forests, and mossy lower and upper montane forests. The greatest number of species and genera occurs at about 1,400m elevation. About three-fourths of the taxa are epiphytic, and the rest terrestrial and lithophytic.